The differential assembly is a crucial component in transmitting the driving force from the engine to the wheels. At the core of its operation is the ring and pinion gear set, which converts the engine’s torque into a rotational force that propels the vehicle. The open differential, commonly found in most vehicles, allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds while still maintaining power delivery to both. This is particularly important when turning corners, as the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel. By allowing each wheel to turn at its own speed, the open differential prevents tire scuffing and reduces premature wear on the axle and drivetrain components.

Open vs. Limited-Slip Differentials

While the open differential is effective in normal driving conditions, it has limitations in low-traction situations. In an open differential, the torque is evenly distributed between both wheels. If one wheel loses traction, as in cases of snow, mud, or ice, it will spin freely, receiving all the torque, leaving the other wheel without enough power to move the vehicle forward. This is where the limited-slip differential (LSD) comes into play.

A limited-slip differential is designed to prevent one wheel from slipping while the other remains stationary. By limiting the difference in speed between the two wheels, an LSD ensures that both wheels receive sufficient torque, improving traction and overall vehicle control. Most vehicle manufacturers use LSDs to enhance performance, especially in off-road or high-performance cars.